Valavanis – International Bonsai 1990. In addition to the usual liquid fertilizer applications, cakes are added once a month to provide " a constant, even, low level fertilizer application throughout the growing season. Dry ingredients are mixed thoroughly adding fish and Superthrive to make a paste, then dried for storage.

Cochoy – ABS Journal 1996. Makes batch of 71/2 gallons of "the foulest smelling stuff you can imagine" adding flour to bind. Balls dry faster but are slower to make than sheets of 11/2" squares.

Persiano – Bonsai Today 1998 and 2001. Not much change in the formulae but the associated techniques have been modified. He feels that using cake alone congests the soil so has begun drenching with NoburNtm making the soil more receptive to penetration. Roots 2 with Iron used every year while Root 2 only in first year.